These tips come from an old issue of Backpacker Magazine

If you encounter an elk in the wild don’t get closer than 100 feet – further is better. If an elk heads toward you or snorts, slowly walk away while keeping an eye on the animal. If it looks like it might charge, stand your ground, wave your arms, shout, or even throw rocks.

If you encounter a moose in the wild get no closer than 100 feet and either wait or find another route if the animal blocks the trail. If the moose looks aggressive, leave quickly but keep an eye open. If charged, run for cover behind a big rock, or climb a tree if you have time.

If you encounter an alligator keep away at least 15 feet. If the alligator hisses or opens its mouth, you are way too close. Back away slowly. Since the animal assess their prey by height and go for the smaller ones one should make themselves tall and large by raising your hands above the head and waving hiking poles. Scoop up small children. If attacked, fight back so the gator understands there is easier prey.

If you encounter a bison in the wild keep a distance of at least 25 yards and give the animal space if they are heading towards you. If charged there is not much you can do except put your pack between you and the horn’s.